科英布拉舊陶器協會大樓
Building of the Old Ceramic Society of Coimbra / Luisa Bebiano Arquitectura + Atelier do Corvo
由專筑網李韌，王雪純編譯
來自建筑設計事務所的描述：科英布拉舊陶瓷協會大樓位于葡萄牙中部城市科英布拉Rua da Sofia與 Alta的保護區范圍內，并且被列入聯合國教科文組織世界文化遺產名錄之中。建筑位于城市地勢較低處，周邊為中世紀庭院，這里的環境隨季節而改變。整個場地位于古老的沖積層區域，常常受到洪水的影響，在20世紀中期，由于其地質與水質十分適合手工陶瓷制品的制作，該地區成為陶瓷制品主要產地。該地區沒有強烈的大風，也沒有特定的氣候狀況。當地夏季的溫度大約為15°C至40°C，冬天的溫度大約為0°C至18°C。
Text description provided by the architects. The building of Coimbra's Old Ceramics is located on the protection limit of the classification of the Rua da Sofia and Alta in the city of Coimbra (Portugal), included in the classified list of World Cultural Heritage sites of Unesco. Located in the lower part of the city, in a medieval yard that has mutated over time, the site is in an old alluvium zone, an area affected by regular floods. The surrounding territory was, until the mid-XX century, due to the geological and moisture characteristics, suitable for the manufacture of clay, the raw material of handmade ceramics. This area of the city does not have strong winds nor any specific climatic condition of the region. Temperatures can range from 40°C to 15°C in the summer and 18°C to 0°C in winter.
科英布拉舊陶瓷協會大樓只是這座城市18世紀陶器制作單元的一部分，同時保持著與科英布拉大學的密切聯系。這座建筑是僅有的具有鮮明特色的作品，也是科英布拉城市工業考古與遺產不可分割的重要組成部分。因此，這座仍在運行的工廠有著特殊的工業考古價值，于是它需要進行修復與重建工作，對原有建筑進行翻新，賦予其博物館的特征，同時展示工業遺產，保留其生產價值。
The building of the Old Ceramic Society of Coimbra was part in a vast (now extinct) cluster of ceramic production units from the 18th century in this area of the city, in connection to the University of Coimbra. This building is the only example left with distinctive features and an important part in industrial archeology and heritage linked to the ceramics of Coimbra. Being the only original factory still operating, hence its exceptional interest in industrial archeology, it was imperative recovering, preserving and recontextualizing its heritage, renovating the building and equipping it with museological conditions to expose its heritage, while keeping its unique production.
生產區域分為兩個樓層，一樓為陶器區，這里應用了原生材料和儲存設施，另外還有窯區，這一層是主要使用玻璃與油漆。建筑的原有體量得以保留，并且也盡量保留了建筑的結構元素，對于一些重復的元素，選擇拆除或是再利用，此外，建筑師增加了一些必要的新構件，但是仍然保持整體的工藝施工流程。
The production area splits over two floors: on the ground floor, the pottery section (whose circuit is with raw material and its indispensable storage supports) and the section of the kiln; on the first floor are located the glazing and painting sections. Keeping the original building volume was followed by the option of maintaining the maximum of structural elements (carefully removing the overlapping elements, often reallocated), restoring most of the building and inserting new elements when necessary, but essentially maintaining the same crafted constructive processes.
18世紀的窯區類型與Charles Lepierre的研究相呼應。保護與復原策略以極簡干預措施為原則，并對單元進行功能性施工，保留制造標記。建筑策略強調了時間的連續性。建筑有著外部承重石墻、松木地面以及隔斷構件，它有著諸如磚、石膏、石灰等傳統元素。建筑的結構經過了修復。對于損壞較大的屋面進行了重新建造。
The kiln typology (18th century) corresponds to the depictions included in the studies of Charles Lepierre. The conservation and restoration approach was based on a non-intrusive minimal intervention strategy, allowing a constructive and functional interpretation of the unit, leaving the manufacturing marks visible. Architectural solutions emphasize the continuity between the times, without ruptures. Completely built with exterior load-bearing stone walls, pine flooring, and partitions, it has several traditional elements such as brick, plaster, and lime (outside). The structure of the building has been partially restored and relocated. The roof was completely redone given its advanced degradation while maintaining the original volume of the building.
石頭墻體起到了加固結構的作用。外墻應用了“傳統砂漿”，這種砂漿以熟石灰為主要原料，再進行手工整平。由于城市肌理的形態變換，因此建筑的東西立面呈現不規則形態，設置小型開口滿足自然通風。整座建筑有著良好的被動式性能，因此不需要額外的機械通風。另外，建筑保留了古老的大型煙囪，這也是自然通風管道，如果室內需要保持一定溫度，其通風口可以關閉。
The walls in stone masonry were structurally consolidated. The so-called "traditional mortars" were used for the exterior walls, based on slacked lime and finished with a manual trowel. With an irregular shape, due to the successive morphological transformations of this urban fabric, the building has two façades (the East and the West), allowing adequate natural ventilation, with small openings. The whole building has an excellent passive energy behavior, not requiring any mechanical ventilation. As for ventilation support, the building has the large chimneys of the old kilns, which acts as a natural ventilation duct with the excess heat, or is kept closed when one needs to keep a warm temperature (heated through wood stoves).
建筑設計：Atelier do Corvo, Luisa Bebiano Arquitectura
地點：葡萄牙
類別：翻新
主創建筑師：Luisa Bebiano, Carlos Antunes
面積：692.0 ㎡
項目時間：2018年
攝影：do mal o menos
設備：Luisa Bebiano, Carlos Antunes, Pedro Canotilho, Diogo Rodrigues, Ivan Sach, Rui Santos, Mário Carvalhal
顧問：Pedro Canotilho, Diogo Rodrigues, Ivan Sach, Rui Santos, Mário Carvalhal, João Miranda
施工方：Civifran, Construções, Lda.
機械工程：ECA Projectos
家具：Civifran, Construções, Lda.
客戶：Sociedade Ceramica Antiga de Coimbra, Lda. / Eduardo Bebiano Correia
預算：360.000,00
Architects: Atelier do Corvo, Luisa Bebiano Arquitectura
Location: Quintal do Prior, 2 e 4, 3000-339, Portugal
Category: Renovation
Arquitetos Responsáveis: Luisa Bebiano, Carlos Antunes
Area: 692.0 ㎡
Project Year: 2018
Photographs: do mal o menos
Equipe: Luisa Bebiano, Carlos Antunes, Pedro Canotilho, Diogo Rodrigues, Ivan Sach, Rui Santos, Mário Carvalhal
Consultants: Pedro Canotilho, Diogo Rodrigues, Ivan Sach, Rui Santos, Mário Carvalhal, João Miranda
Construction: Civifran, Construções, Lda.
Engineering: ECA Projectos
Furniture: Civifran, Construções, Lda.
Client: Sociedade Ceramica Antiga de Coimbra, Lda. / Eduardo Bebiano Correia
Budget: 360.000,00
|
|
